Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that affects the body's connective tissues, including muscles, fat, blood vessels, nerves, bones and cartilage. Although sarcoma cancer accounts for only about 1% of all adult cancers, early detection is critical for successful treatment.
Recognising early sarcoma symptoms can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes. Because soft tissue sarcoma cancer often grows unnoticed in the early stages, understanding the warning signs is essential for timely diagnosis and management.
What is Sarcoma Cancer?
Sarcoma cancer refers to a group of malignant tumours that originate in connective tissues. There are two main types:
Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS): Develops in muscles, fat, nerves, tendons and blood vessels.
Bone Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma): Affects bones and is more common in children and young adults.
While sarcomas can occur anywhere in the body, they are most frequently found in the arms, legs, abdomen and chest.
Early Sarcoma Cancer Symptoms
Sarcomas can be difficult to detect in the early stages because they often do not cause pain. However, some sarcoma cancer symptoms to watch for include:
1. Painless Lump or Swelling
The most common early sign is a gradually growing lump under the skin.
It may start small but increase in size over weeks or months.
2. Unexplained Pain
Some sarcomas press against nerves or organs, causing persistent discomfort.
Pain may be localised or spread to surrounding areas.
3. Reduced Range of Motion
Tumours near joints can restrict movement.
This is especially noticeable in sarcomas affecting the limbs.
4. Fatigue and Unexplained Weight Loss
General sarcoma symptoms like chronic tiredness and sudden weight loss may indicate advanced sarcoma.
5. Skin Changes or Ulceration
Some sarcomas cause the skin over the tumour to become red, warm or ulcerated.
How to Detect Sarcoma Before It Spreads?
Since soft tissue sarcoma cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages, regular medical check-ups and awareness of risk factors can aid early detection.
1. Self-Examination
Check for lumps that grow larger over time.
Monitor any persistent swelling or unusual changes in the skin.
2. Medical Imaging Tests
Ultrasound: Helps assess soft tissue masses.
MRI or CT scans: Provide detailed imaging of tumours.
X-ray: Useful for detecting bone sarcoma.
3. Biopsy for Confirmation
A biopsy is the only definitive way to confirm sarcoma cancer.
Doctors extract a tissue sample to analyse cancer cells.
What Causes Sarcoma?
While the exact cause of sarcoma cancer is unknown, several risk factors have been identified:
Genetic Mutations: Conditions like Li-Fraumeni syndrome and neurofibromatosis increase sarcoma risk.
Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation therapy for other cancers may contribute.
Chemical Exposure: Contact with herbicides, arsenic and dioxins may increase risk.
Chronic Swelling (Lymphedema): Long-term swelling can lead to certain types of soft tissue sarcoma cancer.
Treatment Options for Sarcoma
The treatment approach depends on the tumour’s type, location and stage. Common treatments include:
Surgery: Surgical Oncology is the primary treatment to remove the tumour.
Radiation Therapy: Used before or after surgery to shrink or destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: More effective in aggressive sarcoma cases.
Targeted Therapy: Used for specific sarcoma subtypes with known genetic mutations.
When to See a doctor
Seek medical attention at an oncology hospital if you notice:
A lump that is growing or changing in texture
Persistent, unexplained pain in a limb or body part
Unexplained weight loss and chronic fatigue
Difficulty moving a joint due to swelling
Latest Research and Developments
Recent advances in sarcoma cancer treatment include:
Immunotherapy: New treatments help the immune system fight cancer.
Precision Medicine: Genetic profiling helps target specific sarcoma mutations.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: New techniques reduce recovery time and improve outcomes.
Early detection and specialised care are crucial for effective sarcoma treatment. At Mediclinic UAE, our expert oncology doctor uses advanced diagnostic tools and cutting-edge therapies to provide personalised care. Whether you need a comprehensive evaluation, surgery or the latest targeted treatments, our team is here to support you every step of the way. Book your consultation today and take the first step toward better health!