The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men, playing a crucial role in reproductive health. However, as men age, they may experience prostate problems, the most common being prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as an enlarged prostate. While both conditions affect the prostate, they have different causes, symptoms and treatment approaches.
Understanding the signs of prostate cancer and differentiating them from enlarged prostate symptoms is essential for early detection and appropriate medical care. This article will explore what prostate cancer is, how it differs from an enlarged prostate, common symptoms, risk factors and available treatment options.
If you're experiencing prostate problems, consult an oncology doctor for a proper evaluation. Early detection of prostate cancer symptoms can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably, forming a tumour. It is one of the most common cancers in men, with risk increasing after the age of 50.
Reasons for Prostate Cancer
While the exact cause is unknown, several risk factors contribute to its development:
Age – Risk increases significantly after 50.
Family history – Having a close relative with prostate cancer increases the likelihood.
Genetic mutations – Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can raise risk.
Diet – A diet high in red meat and processed foods may contribute to prostate cancer.
Obesity – Being overweight is linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.
Signs of Prostate Cancer
Early-stage prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, common prostate cancer symptoms include:
Difficulty urinating or weak urine flow
Frequent urge to urinate, especially at night
Blood in the urine or semen
Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
Erectile dysfunction
Unexplained weight loss
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately for further evaluation.
What Is an Enlarged Prostate?
An enlarged prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a non-cancerous condition that causes the prostate to grow, leading to urinary symptoms. Unlike prostate cancer, BPH does not spread to other parts of the body and is not life-threatening.
Causes of Enlarged Prostate
The exact cause of BPH is not fully understood, but it is primarily linked to ageing and hormonal changes. Risk factors include:
Aging – Most common in men over 50.
Hormonal imbalances – Changes in testosterone levels may contribute.
Family history – A family history of BPH increases the likelihood.
Obesity and lifestyle factors – Poor diet and lack of exercise may worsen symptoms.
Symptoms of an Enlarged Prostate
Symptoms of BPH often overlap with prostate cancer symptoms, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Common signs include:
Difficulty starting urination
Weak or interrupted urine flow
Frequent urge to urinate, especially at night
Feeling that the bladder is not empty
Dribbling at the end of urination
Unlike prostate cancer, BPH does not cause blood in the urine or unexplained weight loss.
Key Differences Between Prostate Cancer and Enlarged Prostate
Feature | Prostate Cancer | Enlarged Prostate (BPH) |
Cause | Abnormal cell growth (malignant) | Age-related enlargement (benign) |
Growth | Can spread to other organs | Does not spread beyond the prostate |
Risk Factors | Age, genetics, diet, obesity | Aging, family history, hormonal changes |
Symptoms | Blood in urine, pelvic pain, weight loss | Urinary urgency, weak stream, incomplete bladder emptying |
Severity | Can be life-threatening | Benign, but can impact quality of life |
If you're unsure whether your symptoms are due to prostate cancer or BPH, seek medical evaluation.
Diagnosis and Screening
Early detection is key to managing prostate problems. Doctors use several tests to diagnose and prostate cancer screening:
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test – Measures PSA levels in the blood. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or BPH.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – A doctor physically examines the prostate for abnormalities.
Ultrasound or MRI – Imaging tests help visualise the prostate gland.
Biopsy – If cancer is suspected, a biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Treatment for Prostate Cancer
The treatment approach for prostate cancer depends on the stage and aggressiveness of the disease:
Active surveillance – For slow-growing cancer, doctors may monitor without immediate treatment.
Surgery (prostatectomy) – Removal of the prostate gland in more advanced cases.
Radiation therapy – Uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
Hormone therapy – Reduces male hormones that fuel cancer growth.
Chemotherapy – Used for aggressive or advanced-stage cancer.
Treatment for Enlarged Prostate (BPH)
Most cases of BPH are managed with lifestyle changes and medications:
Medications – Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors help shrink the prostate.
Minimally invasive procedures – Techniques such as laser therapy or ProLift can relieve symptoms.
Surgery (TURP) – In severe cases, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) may be needed.
Signs you need medical attention
Seek medical attention if you experience:
Persistent difficulty urinating
Blood in urine or semen
Pelvic pain or discomfort
Sudden weight loss
Signs of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Early evaluation can determine whether symptoms are due to prostate cancer or BPH, leading to better treatment outcomes.
While prostate cancer and BPH share similar symptoms, they are distinct conditions requiring different treatment approaches. Understanding the signs of prostate cancer and seeking timely screening can help in early detection and better management.
If you're experiencing prostate problems, don't wait—schedule a consultation with a healthcare professional today. Concerned about your prostate health? Visit an oncology hospital or Mediclinic UAE for expert screening and treatment options.