Lung cancer is a serious and life-threatening disease that is often mistaken for other respiratory conditions such as asthma, pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While many lung diseases share common symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath, understanding the key differences is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Here are the causes, symptoms and treatment options for lung cancer, compare it with other respiratory diseases and provide guidance on when to seek medical attention.
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in different parts of the lungs, forming tumours that can spread to other areas of the body. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide.
Types of Lung Cancer
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – The most common form, accounting for about 85% of lung cancer cases.
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – A more aggressive form that spreads rapidly.
Lung Cancer Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors contribute to the development of lung cancer, including:
Smoking and Smokers Lungs – The smoke effect on smokers' lungs is the primary cause, responsible for nearly 85% of cases.
Second-hand Smoke Exposure – Even non-smokers can develop lung cancer if exposed to tobacco smoke over time.
Air Pollution – Long-term exposure to pollutants, including vehicle emissions and industrial fumes, increases risk.
Radon Gas – A naturally occurring radioactive gas found in homes and buildings.
Genetic Predisposition – A family history of lung cancer may increase susceptibility.
Common Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer symptoms can be mistaken for other respiratory illnesses. Signs of lung cancer include:
A persistent cough that doesn’t go away
Coughing up blood (haemoptysis)
Shortness of breath and wheezing
Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing
Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
Hoarseness or changes in voice
Frequent respiratory infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis
Lung Cancer vs Other Respiratory Diseases
Lung cancer symptoms overlap with many other lung diseases, making diagnosis challenging. Below is a comparison of lung cancer with other common respiratory conditions:
Lung Cancer vs Asthma
Asthma Symptoms: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing.
Key Differences: Asthma symptoms are often triggered by allergens or exercise and improve with inhalers. Lung cancer symptoms progressively worsen over time.
Lung Cancer vs Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD Symptoms: Chronic cough, mucus production, wheezing and breathlessness.
Key Differences: COPD develops gradually due to long-term smoking and does not cause sudden weight loss or coughing up blood.
Lung Cancer vs Pneumonia
Pneumonia Symptoms: Fever, chills, cough with mucus and chest pain.
Key Differences: Pneumonia is caused by infection and can be treated with antibiotics, whereas lung cancer does not resolve with medication.
Lung Cancer vs Tuberculosis (TB)
TB Symptoms: Persistent cough, night sweats, fever and weight loss.
Key Differences: TB is a bacterial infection that can be treated with antibiotics, while lung cancer requires specialised treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Diagnosis and Screening for Lung Cancer
Early detection improves survival rates. Doctors may recommend the following tests:
Chest X-ray: Can reveal abnormal masses in the lungs.
CT scan: Provides detailed imaging to detect small tumours.
Biopsy: A small tissue sample is examined for cancer cells.
Sputum Cytology: A test that analyses mucus for cancerous cells.
Lung Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common lung cancer treatment options at an oncology hospital include:
Surgery
Removes the affected portion of the lung or the entire lung in severe cases.
Radiation Therapy
Uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
Involves drugs that kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy
Focuses on specific genetic mutations in cancer cells, reducing side effects.
Immunotherapy
Helps the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells.
How to Reduce the Risk of Lung Cancer
While some factors, such as genetics, cannot be controlled, there are ways to lower the risk of developing lung cancer:
Quit Smoking – The most effective way to prevent lung cancer.
Avoid Second-hand Smoke – Stay away from smoking environments.
Limit Exposure to Air Pollution – Use air purifiers and avoid polluted areas when possible.
Test for Radon Gas – Ensure your home is free from harmful levels of this radioactive gas.
Eat a Healthy Diet – Antioxidant-rich foods can support lung health.
Exercise Regularly – Helps maintain lung function and overall health.
Schedule Regular Check-Ups – Early detection increases treatment success.
When to See a doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience:
A cough lasting more than three weeks
Coughing up blood
Unexplained weight loss
Persistent chest pain
Shortness of breath or wheezing
Early diagnosis is crucial for improving survival rates. If you are at risk, speak to a healthcare provider about lung cancer screening options.
Understanding the differences between lung cancer and other respiratory diseases is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. If you experience any persistent symptoms, consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible.
At Mediclinic UAE, our expert oncologists offer advanced lung cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment options, including state-of-the-art imaging, targeted therapies and personalised care plans. Your health is our priority.