Paediatric Nephrology is a subspeciality of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disorders in children, including kidney failure, high blood pressure, inherited kidney diseases, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and abnormalities in the urine such as blood and protein.

They also evaluate and treat problems with growth and development that are specifically related to chronic kidney disease. They are also able to help patients transition from paediatric nephrologists to nephrologists and urologists that care for adult patients.