Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections that occur in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. UTIs are more common in women than men and can range from a mild infection of the bladder (cystitis) to a more severe infection of the kidneys (pyelonephritis). The most common cause of UTIs is bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally live in the colon but can spread to the urinary tract. UTIs can also be caused by viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Symptoms of a UTI may include a frequent urge to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, pain or pressure in the lower abdomen or back, and fever or chills. In older adults, symptoms may be less specific, such as confusion or delirium.
UTIs can be diagnosed by a healthcare provider based on a physical exam, medical history, and a urinalysis or urine culture.
Treatment for UTIs typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can also help flush out the bacteria from the urinary system.Untreated UTIs can lead to more serious health problems, such as kidney damage or sepsis. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a UTI.